Evidence that boys who faild manhood were thrown into the third gender category and stigmatized

Women's Roots: The History of Women in Western Civilization
by June Stephenson, Ph.D.

Diemer Smith Publishing Co., 5th Edition, March 2000

Book review by William A. Spriggs, October 6, 2003


...I argue that males, who could not pass the test perhaps, would be killed, exiled, or shunned; it is known for a fact that in some Native American tribes, males who failed the "test of manhood" were given "women's work" to do. There were no "gay communities" in large cities to which the "inferior" males could escape.

...As mentioned above by Dr. Stephenson, the cultural initiation test into manhood is mostly universal for males...

Evidence that western scholars, when they talk about 'homosexuals' and 'homosexuality' are often only referring to the effeminate, third genders who had receptive or otherwise, sex with males.They conveniently ignore the sex between 'masculine' or 'straight' males that was not stigmatized or considered part of the third genders or a separate category:

...I argue that the initial tests of manhood also give evolutionary psychologists a glimpse into the beginings of homophobia and misogyny; both based on exclusionary mechanisms of domination and control. The "strong, bonded" males, because of their ability to dominate through violence, most likely passed negative social attachmets to all in the tribe who could not contribute to the the public good of its defense -- both male and female.